| Over
a Century
of Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry |
| |
| 1901 |
Jacoubs Henricus Van’t Hoff - laws of chemical dynamics and
osmotic pressure in solutions |
| 1902 |
Hermann Emil Fischer - sugar and purine synthesis |
| 1903 |
Svante August Arrhenius - electrolytic theory of dissociation |
| 1904 |
Sir William Ramsay - inert gaseous elements in air and their
placement in the periodic system |
| 1905 |
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Von Baeyer - organic dyes and
hydroaromatic compounds |
| 1906 |
Henri Moissan - isolation of fluorine, electric furnace |
| 1907 |
Eduard Buchner - biochemical research cellfree fermentation |
| 1908 |
Lord Ernst Rutherford - disintegration of elements and chemistry
of radioactive substances |
| 1909 |
Wilhelm Ostwald - catalysis and principles governing chemical
equilibria and rates of reaction |
| 1910 |
Otto Wallach - alicyclic compounds |
| 1911 |
Marie Curie - radium and polonium |
| 1912 |
Victor Grignard - Grignard reagent |
| |
Paul Sabatier - hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence
of finely disintegrated metals |
| 1913 |
Alfred Werner - linkage of atoms in molecules |
| 1914 |
Theodore William Richards - determination of the atomic weight
on many chemical elements |
| 1915 |
Richard Martin Wilstatter - plant pigments - chlorophyll |
| 1916-1917 |
No prize awarded |
| 1918 |
Fritz Harber - synthesis of ammonia |
| 1919 |
No prize awarded |
| 1920 |
Walther Hermann Nernst - thermochemistry |
| 1921 |
Frederick Soddy - radioactive substances and the origin and
nature of isotopes |
| 1922 |
Francis William Aston - isotopes in non-radioactive elements
and enunciation of the whole number rule |
| 1923 |
Fritz Pregl - micro-analysis of organic substances |
| 1924 |
No prize awarded |
| 1925 |
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy - colloid solutions |
| 1926 |
Theodor Svedberg - disperse systems |
| 1927 |
Heinrich Otto Wieland - Bile acids and related substances |
| 1928 |
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus - constitution of sterols and
their connection with vitamins |
| 1929 |
Sir Arthur Harden & Hans Karl August Simon Von Euler-Chelpin
- fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes |
| 1930 |
Hans Fischer - constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and
synthesis of haemin |
| 1931 |
Carl Bosch & Friedrich Bergius - chemical high pressure methods |
| 1932 |
Irving Langmuir - surface chemistry |
| 1933 |
No prize awarded |
| 1934 |
Harold Clayton Urey - heavy hydrogen |
| 1935 |
Frederic Joliot & Irene Joliot-Curie - radioactive elements |
| 1936 |
Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye - Molecular structure on dipole
moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases |
| 1937 |
Sir Walter Norman Haworth - carbohydrates and vitamin C |
| |
Paul Karrer - carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 |
| 1938 |
Richard Kuhn - carotenoids and vitamins |
| 1939 |
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt - sex hormones |
| |
Leopold Ruzicka - Polymethylenes and higher terpenes |
| 1940-1942 |
No prize awaded |
| 1943 |
George De Hevesy - isotopes as tracers |
| 1944 |
Otto Hahn - fission of heavy nuclei |
| 1945 |
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen - fodder preservation method |
| 1946 |
James Batcheller Sumner - enzyme crystallization |
| |
John Howard Northrop & Wendell Merdith Stanley - enzymes and
virus proteins in a pure form |
| 1947 |
Sir Robert Robinson - alkaloids |
| 1948 |
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius - electrophoresis and absorption
analysis - nature of serum proteins |
| 1949 |
William Francis Giauque - chemical thermodynamics - behaviour
of substances at extremely low temperatures |
| 1950 |
Otto Paul Hermann Diels & Kurt Alder - diene synthesis |
| 1951 |
Edwin Mattison Mc Millan & Glenn Theodore Seaborg - chemistry
of the transuranium elements |
| 1952 |
Archer John Porter Martin & Richard Laurence Millington Synge
- partition chromatography |
| 1953 |
Hermann Staudinger - macromolecular chemistry |
| 1954 |
Linus Carl Pauling - chemical bond application to elucidation
of the structure of complex substances |
| 1955 |
Vincent Du Vigneaud - sulphur compounds - synthesis of a polypeptide
hormone |
| 1956 |
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood & Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
- mechanism of chemical reactions |
| 1957 |
Lord Alexander R. Todd - nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes |
| 1958 |
Frederick Sanger - structure of proteins - insulin |
| 1959 |
Jaroslav Heyrovsky - polarographic methods of analysis |
| 1960 |
Willard Frank Libby - carbon-14 for age determination |
| 1961 |
Melvin Calvin - carbon dioxide assimilation in
plants |
| 1962 |
Max Ferdinand Perutz & Sir John Cowdery Kendrew - Globular
proteins |
| 1963 |
Karl Ziegler & Giulio Natta - high polymers |
| 1964 |
Dorothy Crowfood Hodgkin - X-ray techniques of the structures
of biochemical substances |
| 1965 |
Robert Burns Woodward - achievements in organic synthesis |
| 1966 |
Robert S. Mulliken - chemical bonds and the electronic structure
of molecules by the molecular orbital method |
| 1967 |
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish & Lord George
Porter - extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equlibrium
by very short pulses of energy |
| 1968 |
Lars Onsager - reciprocal relations - thermodynamics of irreversible
processes |
| 1969 |
Sir Derek H. R. Barton & Odd Hassel - conformation applications
in chemistry |
| 1970 |
Luis F. Leloir - sugar nucleotides and their role in biosynthesis
of carbohydrates |
| 1971 |
Gerhard Herzberg - electronic stucture and geometry of molecules |
| 1972 |
Christian B. Anfinsen - ribonuclease - amino acid sequence
and the biologically active confirmation Stanford Moore & William H. Stein
- chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the
ribonuclease molecule |
| 1973 |
Ernst Otto Fischer & Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson - Organometallic
sandwich compounds |
| 1974 |
Paul J. Flory - physical chemistry of the macromolecules |
| 1975 |
Sir John Warcup Cornforth - enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
| |
Vladimir Prelog - organic molecules and reactions |
| 1976 |
William N. Lipscomb - structure of boranes |
| 1977 |
Ilya Prigogine - non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory of
dissipative structures |
| 1978 |
Peter D. Mitchell - Biological energy transfer through the
chemiosmotic theory |
| 1979 |
Herbert C. Brown & Georg Wittig - boron and phosphorus containing
compounds as reagents in organic synthesis |
| 1980 |
Paul Berg - biochemistry of nucleic acids to recombinant -
DNA |
| |
Walter Gilbert & Frederick Sanger - determination of base
sequences in nucleic acids |
| 1981 |
Kenichi Fukui & RonaldHoffmann - theories of chemical reactions |
| 1982 |
Sir Aaron Klug - crystallographic electron microscopy and
structural elucidation of biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes |
| 1983 |
Henry Taube - electron transfer reaction |
| 1984 |
Robert Bruce Merrifield - chemical synthesis on a solid matrix |
| 1985 |
Herbert A. Hauptman & Jerome Karle - direct methods for the
determination of crystal structures |
| 1986 |
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee & John C. Polanyi - dynamics
of chemical elementary processes |
| 1987 |
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn & Charles J. Pedersen - Molecules
with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity |
| 1988 |
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, & Hartmut Michel - three
dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre |
| 1989 |
Sidney Altman & Thomas R Cech - catalytic properties of RNA |
| 1990 |
Elias James Corey - theory and methodology of organic synthesis |
| 1991 |
Richard R Ernst - high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy |
| 1992 |
Rudolph A. Marcus - theory of electron transfer reactions
in chemical systems |
| 1993 |
Kary B Mullis - polymerase chain reaction method |
| |
Michael Smith - oligonucleiotide-based site directed mutagenesis |
| 1994 |
George A. Olah - contribution to carbocation chemistry |
| 1995 |
Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, & F. Sherwood Rowland - formation
and decomposition of ozone |
| 1996 |
Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, & Richard E Smalley
- discovery of fullerenes |
| 1997 |
Paul D. Boyer & John E. Walker - elucidiation of the enzymatic
mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate |
| |
Jens C. Skou - discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme |
| 1998 |
Walter Kohn - density-functional theory |
| |
John A. Pople - computational methods in quantum chemistry |
| 1999 |
Ahmed Zewail - chemistry by using rapid-fire laser flashes
that illuminate the motion of atoms in a molecule |
| 2000 |
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmin, and Hideke Shirakawa - discovery and
development of conductive polymers |
| 2001 |
William S. Knowles, and Ryoji Noyori - chirally catalysed hydrogenation
reactions and K. Barry Sharpless - chirally catalysed oxidation reactions. |
| 2002 |
John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka - development of soft desorption ionisation
methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules and
Kurt Wüthrich - development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules
in solution |
| 2003 |
Peter Agre - discovery of water channels and Roderick MacKinnon - structural
and mechanistic studies of ion channels |
| 2004 |
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, and Irwin Rose for
the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation |
| 2005 |
Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R. Schrock
for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis. |
| 2006 |
Roger D. Kornberg for his
studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription. |
| 2007 |
Gerhard Ertl for his studies of chemical processes
on solid surfaces. |
| 2008 |
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Y. Tsien for
the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP. |
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